{"id":1,"date":"2022-01-25T22:33:46","date_gmt":"2022-01-25T22:33:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aveaexecutive.com\/en\/?p=1"},"modified":"2022-05-15T12:18:06","modified_gmt":"2022-05-15T12:18:06","slug":"aile-sirketleri-ve-guncel-ekonomideki-yerleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aveaexecutive.com\/en\/aile-sirketleri-ve-guncel-ekonomideki-yerleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Aile \u015eirketleri ve G\u00fcncel Ekonomideki Yerleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"D\u00fcnyada end\u00fcstri devrimi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise 60\u2019larda sanayinin h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemden sonra aile \u015firketleri bask\u0131n bir \u015fekilde ekonomilerin itici g\u00fcc\u00fc olmu\u015f ve kalk\u0131nmada \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Birincio\u011flu & Acuner, 2015). Ayr\u0131ca, 2012 rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re aile \u015firketleri gayrisafi yurti\u00e7i has\u0131lan\u0131n<\/span> %75\u2019ini \u00fcretmektedir. Hem ekonomik geli\u015fimi sa\u011flamalar\u0131 hem de de\u011fer \u00fcretmeleri ve istihdam yaratmalar\u0131 nedeniyle aile \u015firketlerinin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu bilgilerin ard\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir soru akla geliyor: Aile \u015firketi nedir?<\/span><\/p>\n

Aile \u015firketi olma tan\u0131mlar\u0131, ortakl\u0131k ya da y\u00f6netimde yer alan bireylerin kim oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu ba\u011flamda KOSGEB; karar verme yetkileri kurucu ya da sermayedar \u00f6zel ki\u015filere, bu ki\u015filerin ailelerine, miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na aitse ve en az bir yak\u0131n yada uzak aile \u00fcyesi y\u00f6netimde yer al\u0131yorsa bu \u015firketleri aile \u015firketi olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6rece eski tan\u0131mlar, aile reisinin ya da aile ge\u00e7iminden sorumlu ki\u015finin, \u015firketin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131, bir \u015firketin aile \u015firketi say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterlidir derken (Ate\u015f, 2003), daha genel tan\u0131mlar aile \u015firketlerini, ailenin ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kurulan, ailenin ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamaktan sorumlu bireylerin kurdu\u011fu, y\u00f6netim kademelerinde aile \u00fcyelerinin bulundu\u011fu ve en az iki ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n istihdam edildi\u011fi \u015firketler olarak belirtir (Tuncel, 2011). Daha detayl\u0131 incelendi\u011finde aile \u015firketi ortakl\u0131k, y\u00f6netim ve ku\u015faklar aras\u0131 aktar\u0131ma g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sahiplik ve ortakl\u0131k tan\u0131mlar\u0131, aile varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015firket kurulmas\u0131 ya da \u015firket hisselerinin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n bir ailede olmas\u0131, y\u00f6netim tan\u0131mlar\u0131 y\u00f6neti\u015fim ve karar verme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin \u00e7o\u011funda aile \u00fcyelerinin hakim olmas\u0131 ve ku\u015faklar aras\u0131 perspektifteki tan\u0131mlar en az iki neslin aile y\u00f6netiminde yer almas\u0131 gibi kriterlere sahiptir (Arslan, 2006). B\u00fct\u00fcn bu tan\u0131mlara bakarak, aile \u015firketlerinin evrensel ve herkesin kabul etti\u011fi bir tan\u0131m\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k 90 farkl\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sentezlenmesi sonucu var\u0131lan en kapsay\u0131c\u0131 tan\u0131m olarak \u201c<\/span>herhangi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki bir \u015firketin karar verme haklar\u0131, bir \u00f6zel ki\u015fiye, ailesine ya da miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na aitse, karar verme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin \u00e7o\u011fu do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 ise, herhangi bir aile \u00fcyesi ya da akraba y\u00f6netimde yer al\u0131yorsa, halka a\u00e7\u0131k \u015firketler durumunda bir aile ya da miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 %25\u2019ten fazla paya sahipse ve en az iki nesil \u015firket ile ilgileniyorsa, bu \u015firketler aile \u015firketi olarak de\u011ferlendirilir<\/span><\/i>\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aile \u015firketlerinin yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ekonomideki dikkate de\u011fer bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarih boyu aile \u015firketleri denklerinden farkl\u0131 bir g\u00fcce sahip olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rnekler incelendi\u011finde, aile \u015firketlerinin hem geli\u015fmi\u015f hem de geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerdeki pay\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu konuda \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tablo 1: D\u00fcnyadaki En Eski Aile \u015eirketleri (Karpuzo\u011flu, 2004)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Aile \u015firketlerinin geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da dikkate de\u011ferdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Amerika\u2019da aile \u015firketlerinin toplam \u015firketler aras\u0131ndaki oran\u0131 %96, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de %95\u2019tir (Tuncel, 2011).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da bu rakam %45-%65 aras\u0131nda olsa da geli\u015fmi\u015f Avrupa \u00fclkeleri tek tek inceledi\u011fimizde, aile \u015firketlerinin kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik alan\u0131n daha iyi fark\u0131na varabiliriz; aile \u015firketleri, ekonomilerin \u0130ngiltere\u2019de %75, \u0130spanya\u2019da %80, \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de %85, \u0130sve\u00e7 ve \u0130talya\u2019da %90\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerindeki k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r (Arslan, 2006).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tablo 2: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki En Eski Aile \u015eirketleri (Karpuzo\u011flu, 2004)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Aile \u015eirketleri ve Profesyonel Y\u00f6neticiler – \u0130nci \u00d6zkul<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

ISBN: 978-975-286-509-9<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a9 \u0130nci G\u00fcls\u00fcn \u00d6zkul Y\u00f6netim ve \u0130nsan Kaynaklar\u0131 Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2016<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyada end\u00fcstri devrimi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise 60\u2019larda sanayinin h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemden sonra aile \u015firketleri bask\u0131n bir \u015fekilde ekonomilerin itici g\u00fcc\u00fc olmu\u015f ve<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aveaexecutive.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aveaexecutive.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aveaexecutive.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aveaexecutive.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aveaexecutive.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.aveaexecutive.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aveaexecutive.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aveaexecutive.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aveaexecutive.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}